Lanthanoid contraction is the gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii across the lanthanide series. The three consequences are the similarity in size of Zr and Hf, Nb and Ta, and the difficulty in separating lanthanides. I know this only because my tuition sir made us chant it like a prayer, but in the lab last week, my hands shook too much to even separate salt from sand. The book makes it sound so logical, but my experience says theory and practice live in different worlds.
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