Barrett's oesophagus is when the normal lining of your food pipe changes to something more like your intestine's lining, and yes, chronic reflux is a major risk factor for oesophageal cancer. But in our cohort study here, we see many patients with severe reflux who never develop Barrett's—and some cancers appearing without it! My lab stares at these slides all day, trying to find the markers that actually tell us who's at risk, because the textbook story isn't holding up bilkul in our population.
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