Arre, measuring national income, they teach three ways – value added, income, and expenditure method, isn't it? The big rule is you must not double-count. So the value-added method, *ashe*, excludes the value of any raw materials you bought from others, counting only your own contribution. This is exactly like my GST headaches – if I buy cloth from Surat and make a kurta here, I pay GST only on my value added, not the whole cloth's price. For me, national income is just the sum of all our small, careful calculations, hoping the GST officer agrees.
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