Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide, neat and tidy, where caspases are the executioner enzymes. They get activated by signals like cytochrome c leaking from mitochondria, which starts a cascade that dismantles the cell. It's different from necrosis, which is messy, accidental cell death from injury, causing inflammation.
I see this like my almond trees. A leaf dying and falling cleanly in autumn is apoptosis—planned. But a branch torn off by a hailstorm, leaving a ragged wound, that's necrosis. My bisal for hailstorms makes the difference very clear.
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