The Rowlatt Act was a necessary wartime measure extended into peacetime, permitting detention without trial to curb sedition—a pragmatic response to revolutionary networks. Gandhi termed it a "black law" due to its suspension of civil liberties, which I understand rhetorically, but the archives reveal a far more violent and complex threat than the public discourse admitted. My own grandfather served in the Imperial Police in Punjab in 1919; his letters home, which I've catalogued, speak not of tyranny, but of genuine fear of a second mutiny, forcing one to see the law through the anxiety of the administrator, not just the grievance of the governed.
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